Inequality of Life Chances and the Measurement of Social Immobility
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چکیده
This paper suggests applying tools of analysis that had been used previously in the eld of occupational segregation and horizontal inequity measurement to the study of intergenerational social immobility. The paper introduces the concept of social immobility curveand two indices of social immobility are proposed that are extensions of the Theil and Gini indices of inequality. The paper stresses also the need to make a distinction between concepts of grossand netsocial immobility and hence to base the comparison of the degree of social immobility in two groups on the case where the margins of the matrices corresponding to the two groups are the same. Finally this paper suggests two measures of inequality in circumstances, derived also from the Theil and Gini indices. The paper ends with an empirical illustration based on French and Israeli data. Key Words : circumstances equality of opportunity France Gini index independence Israel social immobility Theil index. JEL Classi cation : D31 D63 This paper was written when Jacques Silber was visiting the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. He wishes to thank this Institute for its very warm hospitality. The authors wish to thank an anonymous referee as well as Marc Fleurbaey for their extremely useful comments. They also acknowledge the help of Adi Lazar in preparing the revised version of this paper. Amedeo Spadaro acknowledges nancial support of the Spanish Government (SEJ2005-08783-C04-03/ECON) and of the French Government (ANR BLAN06-2_139446).
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تاریخ انتشار 2008